1 概述
从C++11开始C++语言越来向现代化语言转变。尤其是智能指针的引入,代码中不会直接使用new/delete了。C++11智能指针有三种分别是:shared_ptr,weak_ptr 和unique_ptr 。
2 弱指针(weak_ptr)
weak_ptr是C++11引入的,用来管理share_ptr,不能单独使用,用来解决shared_ptr的互相引用性.其类图如下:
weak_ptr的特性:
- 可复制性,体现在拷贝构造函数和拷贝赋值函数,复制不会增加引用计数
- 可移动性,体现在移动构造函数和移动赋值函数C++14及之后版本支持。
- 可交换性,通过swap函数交换两个unique_ptr对象
- 可重置性,通过rest函数重置管理指针
2 使用实例
void WeakPtrSuite::lock() { std::shared_ptr
b(new int(10)); std::weak_ptr a; std::shared_ptr c = a.lock(); TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(0, c.use_count()) a = b; c = a.lock(); TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(10, *c) } weak_ptr通过lock返回管理的shared_ptr
3 接口使用
3.1 construct/use_count
获取指针引用计数
void WeakPtrSuite::use_count() { std::shared_ptr
d(new int(10)); std::weak_ptr a; std::weak_ptr b(a); std::weak_ptr c(d); TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(0, a.use_count()) TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(0, b.use_count()) TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(1, c.use_count()) } 3.2 assign
赋值操作
void WeakPtrSuite::assign() { std::weak_ptr
a; std::weak_ptr b; std::weak_ptr c; std::shared_ptr d(new int(10)); TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(0, a.use_count()) TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(0, b.use_count()) TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(0, c.use_count()) b = a; c = d; TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(0, b.use_count()) TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(1, c.use_count()) b = c; TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(1, b.use_count()) TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(1, c.use_count()) } 3.3 lock
返回管理的shared_ptr
void WeakPtrSuite::lock() { std::shared_ptr
b(new int(10)); std::weak_ptr a; std::shared_ptr c = a.lock(); TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(0, c.use_count()) a = b; c = a.lock(); TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(10, *c) } 3.3 swap
交换两个指针
void WeakPtrSuite::swap() { std::shared_ptr
a(new int(10)); std::shared_ptr b(new int(20)); std::weak_ptr c(a); std::weak_ptr d(b); TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(10, *c.lock()) TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(20, *d.lock()) c.swap(d); TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(20, *c.lock()) TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(10, *d.lock()) } 3.4 reset
重置不再管理的指针
void WeakPtrSuite::reset() { std::shared_ptr
b(new int(10)); std::weak_ptr a(b); TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(1, a.use_count()) a.reset(); TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(0, a.use_count()) } 3.5 expired
管理指针是否过期
void WeakPtrSuite::expired() { std::shared_ptr
b(new int(10)); std::weak_ptr a(b); TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(false, a.expired()) a.reset(); TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(true, a.expired()) } 3.6 owner_before
指针owner小于比较
void WeakPtrSuite::owner_before() { std::shared_ptr
a (new int (10)); std::shared_ptr b (new int (10)); std::weak_ptr wa (a); std::weak_ptr wb (b); TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(true, wa.owner_before(wb)) TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(false, wb.owner_before(wa)) int * p = new int (10); std::shared_ptr c (new int (20)); std::shared_ptr d (c, p); // alias constructor std::weak_ptr e(d); //comparing c and e TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(false, c < e.lock()) TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(true, e.lock() < c) TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(false, e.owner_before(c)) TEST_ASSERT_EQUALS(false, c.owner_before(e)) delete p; }
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