Android network — 进程指定网络发包

Android network — 进程指定网络发包

码农世界 2024-05-28 前端 86 次浏览 0个评论

Android network — 进程指定网络发包

  • 0. 前言
  • 1. 进程绑定网络
    • 1.1 App进程绑定网络
    • 1.2 Native进程绑定网络
    • 2. 源码原理分析
      • 2.1 申请网络requestNetwork
      • 2.2 绑定网络 BindProcessToNetwork
      • 3. 总结

        0. 前言

          在android 中,一个app使用网络,需要在manifest 申请一下

        
        

          这种方式将使用default网络,比如WIFI 和 数据网络,android 同一个时间点,只能有一个default网络,default网络由Android 网络评分机制选择。

          那有没有一种方式可以不使用默认网络呢,比如某一个App只想使用WiFi或者别的某一个网络,而不受默认网络变化的影响,答案是有的

        1. 进程绑定网络

        1.1 App进程绑定网络

          对于App进程,ConnectivityService中提供了bindProcessToNetwork 接口进行绑定,使用说明如下

        1. 通过 requestNetwork 申请一个网络
        2. 在NetworkCallback中的onAvailable的方法去调用bindProcessToNetwork 去bind这个网络
        3. 上两步后APP的网络流量将会走这个network,或者说走这个network 指定的 网卡

          补充说明一下 :NetworkRequest 在CS对应一个NetworkRequestInfo ,一般情况下一个NetworkRequestInfo对应了一个client进程

        使用示例:

        		NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                        .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
                        .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
                        .build();
                mNetworkCallback = new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
                    @Override
                    public void onAvailable(final Network network) {
                        runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                            @Override
                            public void run() {
                                // requires android.permission.INTERNET
                              if (!mConnectivityManager.bindProcessToNetwork(network)) {
                                } else {
                                    Log.d(TAG, "Network available");
                                }
                            }
                        });
        

        1.2 Native进程绑定网络

          对于Native进程,我们可以模仿Framework的底层实现,具体可参考后面2. 原理实现部分

        1. #include “NetdClient.h” 此文件,此文件在netd的源码中,并 动态链接 libnetd_client.so ,注意一定是动态链接
        2. 调用 setNetworkForProcess() 传入需要绑定网络的 netid
        3. 强调一下,一定是动态链接,具体原因在后面原理分析中进行解释

          补充说明一下 :同一网络,如某一个wifi或以太网,在断开重连后,netid是变化的,因此,实际使用中,要考虑到异常断开场景后,netid如何固定下来

        使用示例:

        // Android.bp
        cc_binary {
            name: "netd_client_example",
            srcs: ["main.cpp"],
            vendor: true,
            sdk_version: "current",
            defaults: ["netd_defaults"],
            shared_libs: [
        		......
                "libnetd_client"
            ],
            ......
        }
        // main.cpp
        #include 
        ......
        result = setNetworkForProcess(netId);
        ......
        

        2. 源码原理分析

        2.1 申请网络requestNetwork

        //frameworks/base/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
        public void requestNetwork(NetworkRequest request, NetworkCallback networkCallback) {
        }
        
        • NetworkRequest 可以设置 TransportType 比如 TRANSPORT_CELLULAR或者 TRANSPORT_WIFI
        • NetworkRequest 可以设置NetworkCapabilities比如NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET或者其他类型

          这个方法可能导致一个新的Network的出现,对应ConnectivityService中就是一个NetworkAgentInfo,这里可以简单的认为一个NetworkAgentInfo代表一个网络通道

          NetworkCallback 里面有一些回调,说明一下

          回调名称说明
          onAvailable(Network network)在框架连接并声明新网络可供使用时调用。
          onBlockedStatusChanged(Network network, boolean blocked)在阻止或取消阻止对指定网络的访问时调用。
          onCapabilitiesChanged(Network network, NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities)当连接到该请求的框架改变功能但仍满足所述需求时调用该网络。
          onLinkPropertiesChanged(Network network, LinkProperties linkProperties)当网络连接到此请求的框架更改 LinkProperties 。
          onLosing(Network network, int maxMsToLive)在网络即将丢失时调用,通常是因为没有未完成留给它的请求。
          onLost(Network network)当网络断开连接或以其他方式不再满足此请求时调用
          onUnavailable()如果在调用中指定的超时时间内未找到网络,或者如果 无法满足请求的网络请求(无论是否超时 指定)

          常用回调发生情况:

          2.2 绑定网络 BindProcessToNetwork

          // packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
              public boolean bindProcessToNetwork(@Nullable Network network) {
                  // Forcing callers to call through non-static function ensures ConnectivityManager
                  // instantiated.
                  return setProcessDefaultNetwork(network);
              }
              @Deprecated
              public static boolean setProcessDefaultNetwork(@Nullable Network network) {
                  int netId = (network == null) ? NETID_UNSET : network.netId;
                  boolean isSameNetId = (netId == NetworkUtils.getBoundNetworkForProcess());
                  if (netId != NETID_UNSET) {
                      netId = network.getNetIdForResolv();
                  }
                  if (!NetworkUtils.bindProcessToNetwork(netId)) {
                      return false;
                  }
                  ......
                  return true;
              }
          

          我们可以看到实际是调用到NetworkUtils.bindProcessToNetwork

          	// packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkUtils.java
              public static boolean bindProcessToNetwork(int netId) {
                  return bindProcessToNetworkHandle(new Network(netId).getNetworkHandle());
              }
          	private static native boolean bindProcessToNetworkHandle(long netHandle);
          

          这里是通过jni调用

          	//packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/jni/android_net_NetworkUtils.cpp
          	static const JNINativeMethod gNetworkUtilMethods[] = {
              /* name, signature, funcPtr */
              { "bindProcessToNetworkHandle", "(J)Z", (void*) android_net_utils_bindProcessToNetworkHandle },
              .......
          };
          	static jboolean android_net_utils_bindProcessToNetworkHandle(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz,
                  jlong netHandle)
          {
              return (jboolean) !android_setprocnetwork(netHandle);
          }
          

          我们继续跟踪android_setprocnetwork看看

          // frameworks/base/native/android/net.c
          int android_setprocnetwork(net_handle_t network) {
              unsigned netid;
              if (!getnetidfromhandle(network, &netid)) {
                  errno = EINVAL;
                  return -1;
              }
              int rval = setNetworkForProcess(netid);// libnetd_client.so
              if (rval < 0) {
                  errno = -rval;
                  rval = -1;
              }
              return rval;
          }
          

          这里我们可以看到bindProcessToNetwork ,这个方法通过jni的方式调用了libnetd_client.so 的setNetworkForProcess

          //system/netd/client/NetdClient.cpp
          extern "C" int setNetworkForProcess(unsigned netId) {
              return setNetworkForTarget(netId, &netIdForProcess);
          }
          int setNetworkForTarget(unsigned netId, std::atomic_uint* target) {
              const unsigned requestedNetId = netId;
              netId &= ~NETID_USE_LOCAL_NAMESERVERS;
              if (netId == NETID_UNSET) {
                  *target = netId;
                  return 0;
              }
              // Verify that we are allowed to use |netId|, by creating a socket and trying to have it marked
              // with the netId. Call libcSocket() directly; else the socket creation (via netdClientSocket())
              // might itself cause another check with the fwmark server, which would be wasteful.
              const auto socketFunc = libcSocket ? libcSocket : socket;
              int socketFd = socketFunc(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
              if (socketFd < 0) {
                  return -errno;
              }
              int error = setNetworkForSocket(netId, socketFd); //设置mark标记
              if (!error) {
                  *target = requestedNetId; //将netIdForProcess设置为我们选择的netid
              }
              close(socketFd);
              return error;
          }
          

          这里我们看到setNetworkForProcess 最终将netIdForProcess设置为了我们选择的netid,那为什么调用了setNetworkForProcess ,之后app不管采用何种方式的访问网络,比如okhttp 或者HttpURLConnection的原生方式都能路由到特定的网卡上呢?让我们来看下

          其实不管采用方式,本质都使用了socket的,最终都会调用到sys/socket.h的socket(c库)

          //bionic/libc/include/sys/socket.h
          #include     代码使用
          int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol) {
            return FDTRACK_CREATE(__netdClientDispatch.socket(domain, type, protocol));
          }
          

          __netdClientDispatch.socket 最初会被赋值为__socket(int, int, int);

          // bionic/libc/bionic/NetdClientDispatch.cpp
          extern "C" __socketcall int __socket(int, int, int); 
          

          在__libc_preinit_impl 的时候会通过dlsym的方式调用/system/lib/libnetd_client.so中的netdClientSocket(前面说的要动态链接的原因)

          // bionic/libc/bionic/libc_init_dynamic.cpp
          __attribute__((noinline))
          static void __libc_preinit_impl() {
            ......
            netdClientInit();
          }
          
          // bionic/libc/bionic/NetdClient.cpp
          static void netdClientInitFunction(void* handle, const char* symbol, FunctionType* function) {
              typedef void (*InitFunctionType)(FunctionType*);
              InitFunctionType initFunction = reinterpret_cast(dlsym(handle, symbol));// dlsym 的方式
              if (initFunction != nullptr) {
                  initFunction(function);
              }
          }
          static void netdClientInitImpl() {
          	......
              void* handle = dlopen("libnetd_client.so", RTLD_NOW); // dlopen 打开 libnetd_client.so
              if (handle == nullptr) {
                  // If the library is not available, it's not an error. We'll just use
                  // default implementations of functions that it would've overridden.
                  return;
              }
              netdClientInitFunction(handle, "netdClientInitAccept4", &__netdClientDispatch.accept4); 
              netdClientInitFunction(handle, "netdClientInitConnect", &__netdClientDispatch.connect);
              netdClientInitFunction(handle, "netdClientInitSendmmsg", &__netdClientDispatch.sendmmsg);
              netdClientInitFunction(handle, "netdClientInitSendmsg", &__netdClientDispatch.sendmsg);
              netdClientInitFunction(handle, "netdClientInitSendto", &__netdClientDispatch.sendto);
              netdClientInitFunction(handle, "netdClientInitSocket", &__netdClientDispatch.socket); // 通过dlsym 动态链接找到netdClientInitSocket
              netdClientInitFunction(handle, "netdClientInitNetIdForResolv",
                                     &__netdClientDispatch.netIdForResolv);
              netdClientInitFunction(handle, "netdClientInitDnsOpenProxy",
                                     &__netdClientDispatch.dnsOpenProxy);
          }
          static pthread_once_t netdClientInitOnce = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;
          extern "C" __LIBC_HIDDEN__ void netdClientInit() {
              if (pthread_once(&netdClientInitOnce, netdClientInitImpl)) {
                  async_safe_format_log(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, "netdClient", "Failed to initialize libnetd_client");
              }
          

          netdClientInitSocket 执行后会使得__netdClientDispatch.socket 被赋值为netdClientSocket 而libcSocket赋值为__scoket(系统调用)

          // system/netd/client/NetdClient.cpp
          #define HOOK_ON_FUNC(remoteFunc, nativeFunc, localFunc) \
              do { \
                  if ((remoteFunc) && *(remoteFunc)) {            \
                      (nativeFunc) = *(remoteFunc);               \
                      *(remoteFunc) = (localFunc);                \
                  }\
              } while (false)
          extern "C" void netdClientInitSocket(SocketFunctionType* function) {
              HOOK_ON_FUNC(function, libcSocket, netdClientSocket);
          }
          

          Android app 和 native 创建的socket最终会调用到netClientSocket

          // system/netd/client/NetdClient.cpp
          int netdClientSocket(int domain, int type, int protocol) {
              // Block creating AF_INET/AF_INET6 socket if networking is not allowed.
              if (FwmarkCommand::isSupportedFamily(domain) && !allowNetworkingForProcess.load()) {
                  errno = EPERM;
                  return -1;
              }
               // 系统调用得到一个标准的socket
              int socketFd = libcSocket(domain, type, protocol);
              if (socketFd == -1) {
                  return -1;
              }
              // 将netdid 设置为我们之前保存的netIdForProcess
              unsigned netId = netIdForProcess & ~NETID_USE_LOCAL_NAMESERVERS;
              // **将socket 打上 netId的mark**
              if (netId != NETID_UNSET && FwmarkClient::shouldSetFwmark(domain)) {
                  if (int error = setNetworkForSocket(netId, socketFd)) {
                      return closeFdAndSetErrno(socketFd, error);
                  }
              }
              return socketFd;
          }
          

          在netdClientSocket创建的socket 会给socket打上netIdForProcess数值的mark,这个netIdForProcess其实就是bindProcessToNetwork 设置的netId,这样导致创建的socket都含有此mark,自然路由到netId对应的网卡了,hook的思想的体现!!

          这个mark将会匹配到android的策略路由中,走到network对应网卡的路由表中.

          例如network 的netId =101

          #ip rule 查看策略路由
          0:      from all lookup local  
          9000:   from all lookup main  
          10000:  from all fwmark 0xc0000/0xd0000 lookup legacy_system  
          10500:  from all oif dummy0 uidrange 0-0 lookup dummy0  
          10500:  from all oif rmnet_data1 uidrange 0-0 lookup rmnet_data1  
          10500:  from all oif rmnet_data0 uidrange 0-0 lookup rmnet_data0  
          10500:  from all oif p2p0 uidrange 0-0 lookup local_network  
          13000:  from all fwmark 0x10063/0x1ffff lookup local_network  
          13000:  from all fwmark 0x10066/0x1ffff lookup rmnet_data1  
          13000:  from all fwmark 0x10065/0x1ffff lookup rmnet_data0 
          

          注意这个 0x10065 ,65就是101的16进制,就是说设置netid 101 mark的数据包会走到这条策略路由,进而通过rmnet_data网卡发送数据。

          3. 总结

          再次感叹android的源码真优雅,设计的如此巧妙,修改了linux的c库,通过hook的方式,在app 创建的socket自动打上mark,结合策略路由,实现了数据包的指定发送!!

转载请注明来自码农世界,本文标题:《Android network — 进程指定网络发包》

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