Python小游戏——打砖块

码农世界 2024-05-31 前端 88 次浏览 0个评论

文章目录

打砖块游戏项目介绍及实现

项目介绍
环境配置
代码设计思路

代码设计详细过程
难点分析
源代码

代码效果

打砖块游戏项目介绍及实现

项目介绍

打砖块游戏是一款经典的街机游戏，通过控制挡板来反弹小球打碎屏幕上的砖块。该项目使用Python语言和Pygame库进行实现，旨在帮助初学者理解游戏开发的基本概念和实践。

环境配置

在开始实现打砖块游戏之前，需要进行必要的环境配置：

安装Python（推荐使用Python 3.6及以上版本）。
安装Pygame库。可以通过以下指令在命令行或Pycharm终端中安装：
```
pip install pygame
```
配置开发环境，推荐使用Pycharm或VSCode进行代码编写和调试。

代码设计思路

整个打砖块游戏分为以下几个部分来设计：

初始化Pygame和屏幕设置：初始化Pygame库，设置游戏窗口的大小和标题。
定义颜色和游戏元素：定义游戏中使用的颜色，设置砖块、挡板和小球的属性。
创建砖块：使用双重循环生成多行多列的砖块，并根据行号设置不同颜色。
游戏主循环：包含游戏逻辑处理、用户输入处理和屏幕刷新，保证游戏持续运行。
碰撞检测：实现小球与墙壁、挡板和砖块的碰撞检测逻辑，并作出相应反应。

代码设计详细过程

初始化部分

import pygame
import random
# 初始化Pygame
pygame.init()
# 设置屏幕尺寸
SCREEN_WIDTH = 800
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 600
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("Breakout Game")

定义颜色和游戏元素

# 颜色定义
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
YELLOW = (255, 255, 0)
# 砖块设置
BRICK_WIDTH = 75
BRICK_HEIGHT = 20
BRICK_PADDING = 10
BRICK_ROWS = 6
BRICK_COLUMNS = 10
# 挡板设置
PADDLE_WIDTH = 100
PADDLE_HEIGHT = 10
PADDLE_SPEED = 6
# 小球设置
BALL_RADIUS = 10
BALL_SPEED = 3

创建砖块

bricks = []
for row in range(BRICK_ROWS):
    for col in range(BRICK_COLUMNS):
        brick_x = col * (BRICK_WIDTH + BRICK_PADDING) + BRICK_PADDING
        brick_y = row * (BRICK_HEIGHT + BRICK_PADDING) + BRICK_PADDING
        if row < 2:
            color = RED
        elif row < 4:
            color = YELLOW
        elif row < 6:
            color = GREEN
        else:
            color = BLUE
        brick_rect = pygame.Rect(brick_x, brick_y, BRICK_WIDTH, BRICK_HEIGHT)
        bricks.append((brick_rect, color))

游戏主循环

# 初始化挡板和小球
paddle = pygame.Rect((SCREEN_WIDTH - PADDLE_WIDTH) // 2, SCREEN_HEIGHT - PADDLE_HEIGHT - 10, PADDLE_WIDTH, PADDLE_HEIGHT)
ball = pygame.Rect(SCREEN_WIDTH // 2, SCREEN_HEIGHT // 2, BALL_RADIUS * 2, BALL_RADIUS * 2)
ball_dx = BALL_SPEED * random.choice([-1, 1])
ball_dy = BALL_SPEED * random.choice([-1, 1])
running = True
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
while running:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running = False
    # 挡板移动
    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
    if keys[pygame.K_LEFT] and paddle.left > 0:
        paddle.left -= PADDLE_SPEED
    if keys[pygame.K_RIGHT] and paddle.right < SCREEN_WIDTH:
        paddle.right += PADDLE_SPEED
    # 小球移动
    ball.x += ball_dx
    ball.y += ball_dy
    # 小球与墙壁碰撞检测
    if ball.left <= 0 or ball.right >= SCREEN_WIDTH:
        ball_dx = -ball_dx
    if ball.top <= 0:
        ball_dy = -ball_dy
    if ball.colliderect(paddle):
        ball_dy = -ball_dy
    # 小球与砖块碰撞检测
    for brick in bricks[:]:
        if ball.colliderect(brick[0]):
            bricks.remove(brick)
            ball_dy = -ball_dy
            break
    # 小球出界检测
    if ball.bottom >= SCREEN_HEIGHT:
        running = False
    # 绘制游戏元素
    screen.fill(BLACK)
    pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, paddle)
    pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, WHITE, ball)
    for brick in bricks:
        pygame.draw.rect(screen, brick[1], brick[0])
    pygame.display.flip()
    clock.tick(60)
pygame.quit()

难点分析

碰撞检测：处理小球与砖块的碰撞检测是该项目的难点之一。需要考虑小球与砖块的不同碰撞方向，并正确反弹小球。
游戏主循环：在游戏主循环中，既要处理用户输入，又要更新游戏状态，还要刷新屏幕显示，确保游戏流畅运行。

源代码

import pygame
import random
# 初始化Pygame
pygame.init()
# 屏幕尺寸
SCREEN_WIDTH = 800
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 600
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("Breakout Game")
# 颜色定义
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
YELLOW = (255, 255, 0)
# 砖块设置
BRICK_WIDTH = 75
BRICK_HEIGHT = 20
BRICK_PADDING = 10
BRICK_ROWS = 6
BRICK_COLUMNS = 10
# 挡板设置
PADDLE_WIDTH = 100
PADDLE_HEIGHT = 10
PADDLE_SPEED = 6
# 小球设置
BALL_RADIUS = 10
BALL_SPEED = 3  # 降低速度
# 创建砖块
bricks = []
for row in range(BRICK_ROWS):
    for col in range(BRICK_COLUMNS):
        brick_x = col * (BRICK_WIDTH + BRICK_PADDING) + BRICK_PADDING
        brick_y = row * (BRICK_HEIGHT + BRICK_PADDING) + BRICK_PADDING
        if row < 2:
            color = RED
        elif row < 4:
            color = YELLOW
        elif row < 6:
            color = GREEN
        else:
            color = BLUE
        brick_rect = pygame.Rect(brick_x, brick_y, BRICK_WIDTH, BRICK_HEIGHT)
        bricks.append((brick_rect, color))
# 挡板
paddle = pygame.Rect((SCREEN_WIDTH - PADDLE_WIDTH) // 2, SCREEN_HEIGHT - PADDLE_HEIGHT - 10, PADDLE_WIDTH, PADDLE_HEIGHT)
# 小球
ball = pygame.Rect(SCREEN_WIDTH // 2, SCREEN_HEIGHT // 2, BALL_RADIUS * 2, BALL_RADIUS * 2)
ball_dx = BALL_SPEED * random.choice([-1, 1])
ball_dy = BALL_SPEED * random.choice([-1, 1])
# 游戏循环
running = True
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
while running:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running = False
    # 挡板移动
    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
    if keys[pygame.K_LEFT] and paddle.left > 0:
        paddle.left -= PADDLE_SPEED
    if keys[pygame.K_RIGHT] and paddle.right < SCREEN_WIDTH:
        paddle.right += PADDLE_SPEED
    # 小球移动
    ball.x += ball_dx
    ball.y += ball_dy
    # 小球与墙壁碰撞检测
    if ball.left <= 0 or ball.right >= SCREEN_WIDTH:
        ball_dx = -ball_dx
    if ball.top <= 0:
        ball_dy = -ball_dy
    if ball.colliderect(paddle):
        ball_dy = -ball_dy
    # 小球与砖块碰撞检测
    for brick in bricks[:]:
        if ball.colliderect(brick[0]):
            bricks.remove(brick)
            ball_dy = -ball_dy
            break
    # 小球出界检测
    if ball.bottom >= SCREEN_HEIGHT:
        running = False
    # 绘制游戏元素
    screen.fill(BLACK)
    pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, paddle)
    pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, WHITE, ball)
    for brick in bricks:
        pygame.draw.rect(screen, brick[1], brick[0])
    pygame.display.flip()
    clock.tick(60)
pygame.quit()