Buffer则用来缓冲读写数据,常见的buffer有:
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ByteBuffer
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MappedByBuffer
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DirectByteBuffer
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HeapByteBuffer
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hortBuffer
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IntBuffer
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LongBuffer
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FloatBuffer
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DoubleBuffer
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CharBuffer
有一个普通文本文件data.txt,内容为:
1234567890abcd
使用fileChannel读取文件内容
package com.aqiuo.buffer; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.RandomAccessFile; import java.nio.Buffer; import java.nio.ByteBuffer; import java.nio.channels.FileChannel; @Slf4j public class ChannelDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { try (RandomAccessFile file=new RandomAccessFile("data.txt","rw")) { FileChannel channel = file.getChannel(); ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(10); do { int len = channel.read(buffer); if (len == -1) { break; } log.info("得到的字节数{}", len); buffer.flip(); while (buffer.hasRemaining()) { log.info("{}",(char) buffer.get()); } buffer.clear(); }while (true); } } }
输出
10:39:03 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.n.ChannelDemo1 - 读到字节数:10 10:39:03 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.n.ChannelDemo1 - 1 10:39:03 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.n.ChannelDemo1 - 2 10:39:03 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.n.ChannelDemo1 - 3 10:39:03 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.n.ChannelDemo1 - 4 10:39:03 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.n.ChannelDemo1 - 5 10:39:03 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.n.ChannelDemo1 - 6 10:39:03 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.n.ChannelDemo1 - 7 10:39:03 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.n.ChannelDemo1 - 8 10:39:03 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.n.ChannelDemo1 - 9 10:39:03 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.n.ChannelDemo1 - 0 10:39:03 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.n.ChannelDemo1 - 读到字节数:4 10:39:03 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.n.ChannelDemo1 - a 10:39:03 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.n.ChannelDemo1 - b 10:39:03 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.n.ChannelDemo1 - c 10:39:03 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.n.ChannelDemo1 - d 10:39:03 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.n.ChannelDemo1 - 读到字节数:-1
2.1 ByteBuffer 正确使用姿势
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向buffer写入数据,例如调用:channel.read(buffer);
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调用flip切换到读模式
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从buffer读取数据,例如调用buffer.get()
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调用clear()或compact()切换到写模式
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重入1-4步骤
2.2 ByteBuffer的结构
ByteBuffer有以下重要属性:
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capacity
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position
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limit
一开始
写模式下,position是写入位置,limit相当于容量,下图表示写入4字节后的状态。
flip动作发生后,position切换为读取位置,limit切换为读取限制
读取 4 个字节后,状态:
clear动作后,状态:
compact 方法,是把未读完的部分向前压缩,然后切换至写模式
💡 调试工具类
public class ByteBufferUtil { private static final char[] BYTE2CHAR = new char[256]; private static final char[] HEXDUMP_TABLE = new char[256 * 4]; private static final String[] HEXPADDING = new String[16]; private static final String[] HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES = new String[65536 >>> 4]; private static final String[] BYTE2HEX = new String[256]; private static final String[] BYTEPADDING = new String[16]; static { final char[] DIGITS = "0123456789abcdef".toCharArray(); for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) { HEXDUMP_TABLE[i << 1] = DIGITS[i >>> 4 & 0x0F]; HEXDUMP_TABLE[(i << 1) + 1] = DIGITS[i & 0x0F]; } int i; // Generate the lookup table for hex dump paddings for (i = 0; i < HEXPADDING.length; i++) { int padding = HEXPADDING.length - i; StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(padding * 3); for (int j = 0; j < padding; j++) { buf.append(" "); } HEXPADDING[i] = buf.toString(); } // Generate the lookup table for the start-offset header in each row (up to 64KiB). for (i = 0; i < HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES.length; i++) { StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(12); buf.append(NEWLINE); buf.append(Long.toHexString(i << 4 & 0xFFFFFFFFL | 0x100000000L)); buf.setCharAt(buf.length() - 9, '|'); buf.append('|'); HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES[i] = buf.toString(); } // Generate the lookup table for byte-to-hex-dump conversion for (i = 0; i < BYTE2HEX.length; i++) { BYTE2HEX[i] = ' ' + StringUtil.byteToHexStringPadded(i); } // Generate the lookup table for byte dump paddings for (i = 0; i < BYTEPADDING.length; i++) { int padding = BYTEPADDING.length - i; StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(padding); for (int j = 0; j < padding; j++) { buf.append(' '); } BYTEPADDING[i] = buf.toString(); } // Generate the lookup table for byte-to-char conversion for (i = 0; i < BYTE2CHAR.length; i++) { if (i <= 0x1f || i >= 0x7f) { BYTE2CHAR[i] = '.'; } else { BYTE2CHAR[i] = (char) i; } } } /** * 打印所有内容 * @param buffer */ public static void debugAll(ByteBuffer buffer) { int oldlimit = buffer.limit(); buffer.limit(buffer.capacity()); StringBuilder origin = new StringBuilder(256); appendPrettyHexDump(origin, buffer, 0, buffer.capacity()); System.out.println("+--------+-------------------- all ------------------------+----------------+"); System.out.printf("position: [%d], limit: [%d]\n", buffer.position(), oldlimit); System.out.println(origin); buffer.limit(oldlimit); } /** * 打印可读取内容 * @param buffer */ public static void debugRead(ByteBuffer buffer) { StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(256); appendPrettyHexDump(builder, buffer, buffer.position(), buffer.limit() - buffer.position()); System.out.println("+--------+-------------------- read -----------------------+----------------+"); System.out.printf("position: [%d], limit: [%d]\n", buffer.position(), buffer.limit()); System.out.println(builder); } private static void appendPrettyHexDump(StringBuilder dump, ByteBuffer buf, int offset, int length) { if (isOutOfBounds(offset, length, buf.capacity())) { throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException( "expected: " + "0 <= offset(" + offset + ") <= offset + length(" + length + ") <= " + "buf.capacity(" + buf.capacity() + ')'); } if (length == 0) { return; } dump.append( " +-------------------------------------------------+" + NEWLINE + " | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |" + NEWLINE + "+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+"); final int startIndex = offset; final int fullRows = length >>> 4; final int remainder = length & 0xF; // Dump the rows which have 16 bytes. for (int row = 0; row < fullRows; row++) { int rowStartIndex = (row << 4) + startIndex; // Per-row prefix. appendHexDumpRowPrefix(dump, row, rowStartIndex); // Hex dump int rowEndIndex = rowStartIndex + 16; for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) { dump.append(BYTE2HEX[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]); } dump.append(" |"); // ASCII dump for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) { dump.append(BYTE2CHAR[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]); } dump.append('|'); } // Dump the last row which has less than 16 bytes. if (remainder != 0) { int rowStartIndex = (fullRows << 4) + startIndex; appendHexDumpRowPrefix(dump, fullRows, rowStartIndex); // Hex dump int rowEndIndex = rowStartIndex + remainder; for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) { dump.append(BYTE2HEX[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]); } dump.append(HEXPADDING[remainder]); dump.append(" |"); // Ascii dump for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) { dump.append(BYTE2CHAR[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]); } dump.append(BYTEPADDING[remainder]); dump.append('|'); } dump.append(NEWLINE + "+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+"); } private static void appendHexDumpRowPrefix(StringBuilder dump, int row, int rowStartIndex) { if (row < HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES.length) { dump.append(HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES[row]); } else { dump.append(NEWLINE); dump.append(Long.toHexString(rowStartIndex & 0xFFFFFFFFL | 0x100000000L)); dump.setCharAt(dump.length() - 9, '|'); dump.append('|'); } } public static short getUnsignedByte(ByteBuffer buffer, int index) { return (short) (buffer.get(index) & 0xFF); } }
2.3 ByteBuffer 常见方法
分配空间
可以使用allocate 方法为ByteBuffer分配空间,其他buffer类也有该方法
Bytebuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(16);
向buffer写入数据
有两种方法:
调用channel的read方法
调用buffer自己的put方法
int readBytes=channel.read(buf); buf.put((byte)127);
从buffer读取数据
同样有两种办法
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调用 channel 的 write 方法
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调用 buffer 自己的 get 方法
int writeBytes = channel.write(buf); byte b = buf.get();
get 方法会让 position 读指针向后走,如果想重复读取数据
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可以调用 rewind 方法将 position 重新置为 0
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或者调用 get(int i) 方法获取索引 i 的内容,它不会移动读指针
mark 和 reset
mark 是在读取时,做一个标记,即使 position 改变,只要调用 reset 就能回到 mark 的位置
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.nio.ByteBuffer; import java.nio.channels.FileChannel; @Slf4j public class TestByteBuffer { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { File file=new File("data.txt"); FileInputStream fileInputStream=new FileInputStream(file); FileChannel fileChannel=fileInputStream.getChannel(); ByteBuffer buffer=ByteBuffer.allocate(10); int len; len=fileChannel.read(buffer); log.info("读取的字节数:"+len); buffer.flip(); System.out.println((char) buffer.get()); System.out.println((char)buffer.get()); System.out.println((char)buffer.get()); buffer.mark(); System.out.println((char)buffer.get()); System.out.println((char)buffer.get()); System.out.println((char)buffer.get()); buffer.reset(); System.out.println((char)buffer.get());System.out.println((char)buffer.get()); System.out.println((char)buffer.get()); } }
19:08:05.220 [main] INFO com.aqiuo.buffer.TestByteBuffer - 读取的字节数:10 1 2 3 4 5 6 4 5 6
注意
rewind 和 flip 都会清除 mark 位置
字符串和ByteBuffer的换转
package com.aqiuo.buffer; import java.nio.Buffer; import java.nio.ByteBuffer; import java.nio.CharBuffer; import java.nio.charset.Charset; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; public class TestByteBufferEncode { public static void main(String[] args) { ByteBuffer buffer1= StandardCharsets.UTF_8.encode("nihao"); ByteBuffer buffer2= Charset.forName("UTF-8").encode("nihao"); ByteBufferUtil.debugAll(buffer1); ByteBufferUtil.debugAll(buffer2); CharBuffer buffer3=StandardCharsets.UTF_8.decode(buffer1); System.out.println(buffer3.getClass()); System.out.println(buffer3.toString()); } }
输出
+--------+-------------------- all ------------------------+----------------+ position: [0], limit: [5] +-------------------------------------------------+ | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ |00000000| 6e 69 68 61 6f |nihao | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ +--------+-------------------- all ------------------------+----------------+ position: [0], limit: [5] +-------------------------------------------------+ | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ |00000000| 6e 69 68 61 6f |nihao | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ class java.nio.HeapCharBuffer nihao
⚠️ Buffer 的线程安全
Buffer 是非线程安全的
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